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Emergency Action for Handling Leaking Compressed Gas Cylinders
處理壓縮氣體鋼瓶泄露的緊急行動
General Precautions
一般防范
Gengas takes every reasonable precaution to see that its products come to you safely. This concern for safety doesn’t end with delivery, but should be continued by you and all other customers by following seven general precautions.
通用氣體采取了每一種合理的安全防范，以確保它的產(chǎn)品安全地到達(dá)你的手中。這種對安全的關(guān)注并不是隨銷售的結(jié)束而結(jié)束，而是要由你和所有其它用戶通過遵守以下七個(gè)通用防范措施來繼續(xù)。
1. Know and Understand Gas Properties
知道和理解氣體的性質(zhì)
Know and understand the properties, proper uses, and safety precautions of your gases before using them. Consult the Air Products Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and/or Safetygrams for safety information about these gases.
在使用氣體之前，知道和理解氣體的性質(zhì)、正確使用和安全防范。關(guān)于這些氣體的安全資料，請參考Air Products的材料安全數(shù)據(jù)表（MSDS）和/或安全程序。關(guān)于你將要使用的氣體和設(shè)備的安全資料，請參考Air Products的材料安全數(shù)據(jù)表（MSDS）和安全程序。
2. Know and Understand the Gas Package
知道和理解氣體的包裝
Know and understand the package for each of the gases you use. The package consists of two distinctive parts—the cylinder and the cylinder valve. Again, consult
the appropriate MSDS materials and Safetygrams for your specific products. The following Safetygrams provide basic package information:
知道和理解你使用的每一種氣體的包裝。包裝由兩個(gè)明顯不同部分—鋼瓶和鋼瓶閥門組成。關(guān)于你要使用的特殊氣體，還是請參考通用氣體的材料安全數(shù)據(jù)表和安全程序。下列的安全程序提供了基本的包裝資料。
? Handling, Storage and Use of Compressed Gas Cylinders
液化壓縮氣體鋼瓶的操作、儲存和使用
? Don’t Turn a Cylinder In to a Rocket
不要把鋼瓶變成火箭
? Cylinder Pressure-Relief Devices
鋼瓶減壓裝置
? Cylinder Valves
鋼瓶閥門
The Compressed Gas Association (CGA) also offers helpful publications such as the “Handbook of Compressed Gases” and Pamphlet P-1, “Safe Handling of Compressed Gases In Containers,” which provide information on the safe handling of gases and their packages.
壓縮氣體協(xié)會（CGA）還提供有幫助的出版物，如“壓縮氣體手冊”和小冊子P-1，“容器內(nèi)壓縮氣體的安全操作”，該書提供了關(guān)于氣體及其包裝的安全操作的資料。
3. Check Your Equipment
檢查你的設(shè)備

Before lines and equipment are used, leak-check and evaluate their ability to contain full cylinder pressure. The leak check should be performed with an inert gas, and care should be taken not to over pressurize any components of the system. If the system is not rated for full cylinder pressure, a pressure-reducing regulator must be used and the system should be protected with a pressure-relief device.

Leak-check the system at its working pressure. Be certain that materials of construction are compatible with the gases being used.

在管道和設(shè)備使用前，進(jìn)行檢漏并評估它們承受滿瓶壓力的能力。檢漏應(yīng)用惰性氣體進(jìn)行，注意不要使系統(tǒng)的任何組件過壓。如果系統(tǒng)額定壓力低于滿瓶的壓力，必須使用減壓調(diào)整器，同時(shí)應(yīng)該用減壓裝置來保護(hù)系統(tǒng)。在工作壓力下對系統(tǒng)檢漏。確信材料同正在使用的氣體兼容。
4. Develop Emergency Plans
制定緊急情況計(jì)劃
Federal law requires that all facilities using hazardous materials develop emergency plans. Be aware of the potential hazards of the gases being stored and used, and plan for emergencies. Practice implementing emergency plans so that all contingencies are covered. Assign responsibilities and lines of authority. Coordinate with local hospitals and fire departments and inform them of the gases in use so they can be prepared with the needed expertise, equipment, and medical support if an emergency occurs.
聯(lián)邦法律要求所有使用危險(xiǎn)材料的設(shè)施都要制定緊急情況計(jì)劃。了解所儲存和使用的氣體的潛在危險(xiǎn)，為緊急情況作好計(jì)劃。練習(xí)實(shí)施緊急計(jì)劃，以確定包括了所有的緊急情況。分配責(zé)任和權(quán)限。同當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院和消防部門合作，把正在使用的氣體通知它們，這樣如果緊急情況發(fā)生的話，它們就已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了所需的專門技術(shù)、設(shè)備和醫(yī)療支持。
5. Provide Personal Protection
提供個(gè)人保護(hù)裝備
It is necessary to define and provide personal protective equipment (PPE) for routine operations, as well as for emergencies. It is important to establish a policy that requires personnel to wear the proper PPE for each job. Gloves, face protection, and sensible work uniforms for routine tasks, as well as self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)and special protective clothing required for emergencies, should be made available. In addition, gas cabinets, eye washes, safety showers, and fire extinguishers should be considered when using hazardous materials. Everyone involved must be trained in the proper use of all necessary PPE. Train personnel to recognize when that equipment is needed.
無論是常規(guī)操作還是緊急情況，都有必要詳細(xì)說明和提供個(gè)人防護(hù)裝備（PPE）。要求員工每次工作都要穿戴適當(dāng)?shù)腜PE，建立這樣的原則是很重要的。常規(guī)任務(wù)時(shí)應(yīng)備有手套、面罩和敏感的工作服，緊急情況下應(yīng)備有自給式呼吸器（SCBA）和特殊防護(hù)服。另外，使用危險(xiǎn)材料時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮到氣體室、洗眼、安全淋浴和滅火器。每個(gè)相關(guān)人員都必須經(jīng)過所有必需PPE的正確使用的訓(xùn)練。訓(xùn)練員工，使之能判斷什么時(shí)候需要什么裝備。6. Follow the Regulations
遵守規(guī)定
Comply with all federal, state, and local regulations pertaining to the storage and use of compressed gases. CGA Pamphlet P-1 and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) codes provide excellent guidance.
遵守聯(lián)邦、州和當(dāng)?shù)氐乃嘘P(guān)于壓縮氣體儲存和使用的規(guī)定。CGA的小冊子P-1和國家消防協(xié)會的規(guī)定提供了極好的指導(dǎo)。
7. When in Doubt
有疑問時(shí)
When in doubt about the handling or use of any Air Products’ gases or equipment, or the hazards of a particular gas, contact your local sales office or call our Technical Information Center at +1 (800) 752-1597.
對任何Air Products的氣體或設(shè)備或者特定氣體的危險(xiǎn)有疑問時(shí)，同當(dāng)?shù)氐匿N售處聯(lián)系，或者給我們的技術(shù)資料中心打電話：+1 (800) 752-1597。
Leaks
泄漏
Cylinder leaks usually occur at welded seams (on low-pressure cylinders) or at the cylinder valve. Proper quality control of materials and inspections, as required by the Department of Transportation (DOT), lessen the probability of cylinder leaks.
鋼瓶泄漏通常發(fā)生在焊縫處（低壓鋼瓶），或者在鋼瓶閥門處。正如交通部所要求的那樣，材料的正確質(zhì)量控制和檢查降低了鋼瓶泄漏的概率。
Compressed gas suppliers are required to inspect cylinders for visual damage each time the cylinders are filled. In addition, gas producers must make certain the cylinder closure is completely leak-tight, and that cylinders are internally inspected and hydrostatically tested at the prescribed time intervals. The purpose of these inspections is to verify that the cylinder is in sound condition and that it will be safe during transportation. In spite of such precautions, leaks can develop from handling in transit, during storage, and during use. The greatest leak potential is with the cylinder valve. There are four distinct areas where leaks at the cylinder valve can occur:
每次鋼瓶灌裝時(shí)，要求壓縮氣體供應(yīng)商檢查鋼瓶是否有可見的損傷。另外，氣體生產(chǎn)商必須確定鋼瓶的密封是徹底防漏的，在指定時(shí)間間隔內(nèi)要進(jìn)行鋼瓶內(nèi)部檢查和流體靜力學(xué)測試。這些檢查的目的是驗(yàn)證鋼瓶處在完好狀態(tài)且在運(yùn)輸過程中是安全的。盡管有這些防范措施，在運(yùn)輸、儲存和使用中，泄漏還是可能發(fā)生。最大的泄漏可能點(diǎn)是鋼瓶閥門。鋼瓶閥門上有四個(gè)特殊區(qū)域可能
發(fā)生泄漏：
1. Valve Threads
閥門螺紋
Leaks are possible at the valve threads where the valve screws into the cylinder; these are commonly referred to as “neck leakers.” These types of leaks cannot and should not be repaired in the field. To do so is a violation of a very important safety practice—NEVER repair equipment under pressure. Leaks of this nature should only be handled with the assistance of the supplier.
在閥門旋進(jìn)鋼瓶的螺紋處可能發(fā)生泄漏，這些一般稱為“頸部漏孔”。不能也不應(yīng)該在現(xiàn)場修理這種泄漏。這樣做違背了一條非常重要的安全慣例——禁止帶壓修理設(shè)備。這種泄漏只能在供應(yīng)商的幫助下來處理。
2. Pressure-Relief Device
減壓裝置
Leaks can occur at two points on the pressure-relief device—around its threads or through its relief channel. Again, leaks at the pressure-relief device cannot and must not be repaired in the field. To attempt field repair is a violation of two very important safety practices. NEVER attempt to repair equipment under pressure and NEVER tamper with pressure-relief devices. Tampering with the pressure-relief device compromises the safety of the cylinder. Leaks through the pressure-relief channel can become severe, and all personnel must be evacuated from the immediate area. Contact your supplier for immediate assistance.
在減壓裝置上有兩個(gè)位置可能發(fā)生泄漏——螺紋附近或通過減壓通道。再一次說明，不能在現(xiàn)場修理減壓裝置處的泄漏。試圖現(xiàn)場修理違背了兩條非常重要的安全慣例：禁止帶壓修理設(shè)備和禁止堵塞減壓裝置。堵塞減壓裝置會危及鋼瓶的安全。來自減壓通道的泄漏可能會變得很嚴(yán)重，所有人員必須馬上撤離。立刻聯(lián)系你的供應(yīng)商，取得它的幫助。
3. Valve Stem